A case report of eosinophilic myocarditis and a review of the relevant literature

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a relatively rare condition that may result from parasitic infections and allergic disease. Antituberculosis drugs may lead to focal myocardial infiltration by eosinophils (eosinophilic myocarditis). Symptoms may be severe, and, lead to rapidly-fatal outcomes. Early diagnosis and high-dose corticosteroids are the cornerstone of treatment, and, may lead to restoration of cardiac function with full recovery. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of eosinophilic myocarditis secondary to eosinophilia caused by antituberculosis drugs with markedly elevated ECP, focal eosinophilic infiltration in CMR imaging and endomyocardial biopsy. Finally, high-dose corticosteroids were used to reverse the cardiac injury and to improve the clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Antituberculosis drugs can cause eosinophilic infiltration of, and damage to, the myocardium leading to rapid progression of the clinical symptoms. Myocardial biopsy is helpful in diagnosing the disease in the early stages and high-dose corticosteroids effectively improves the prognosis of this disease.